Although studies investigating the association between risk aversion and 2D:4D are the most widespread in this literature, the results are not conclusive. 2009), competitive bidding (Pearson and Schipper 2012) or managerial activities (Guiso and Rustichini 2018). This relationship has attracted the interest of economists, who studied its role in various contexts including social preferences (Buser 2012 Brañas-Garza et al.

Prenatal testosterone exposure (PTE) has organizational effects on the fetus’ brain and endocrine system development and it may thereby have a systematic influence on subsequent behavior (see Manning 2002, for a review).